An orphaned user is a database user whose corresponding SQL login has been dropped or the database is restored or attached to a different instance of SQL Server. You can detect orphaned users in a database by using the sp_change_users_login stored procedure with the @Action='Report' option. If Action parameter is specified Report, it lists the users and corresponding security identifiers (SID) in the current database that are not linked to any login.
EXEC sys.sp_change_users_login @Action='Report';
You can use the sp_change_users_login stored procedure to relink a database user with a SQL login. To link the specified user in the current database to an existing login, reference the following sample statement:
EXEC sys.sp_change_users_login
@Action='Update_One',
@UserNamePattern='sql_user_b',
@LoginName='sql_user_b'
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